Are preservatives in cosmetics really harmful?

There are many stories and a lot of misleading information about preservatives used in cosmetics. Which of them are real and which are not? Can preservatives actually harm the skin? Learn which preservative stories are fake and which are not. Also, see whether all cosmetics must contain these substances.

Preservatives – what are they?

Preservatives are substances that prolong the durability of cosmetics and prevent the multiplication of bacteria, viruses and fungi in them. Not all preservatives must have chemical composition and origin. Did you know that products without preservatives could irritate and sensitize as well? On the other hand, some preservatives may cause sensitization and adverse effects on the skin. That is why a good preservative should:

● have a broad virucidal and bactericidal effect,

● work at low and high pH,

● be effective in low concentrations,

● be resistant to temperature and light,

● react with other ingredients of the cosmetic,

● be resistant to oxidation,

● be non-toxic.

It is also important that the preservative does not cause irritation and does not damage our natural bacterial flora.

Preservatives in your cosmetics

1. Parabens – according to many studies they are safe substances, but when their concentration exceeds 1% they can irritate.

2. Formaldehyde – prevents multiplication of fungi and bacteria. It has irritating and sensitizing effects, so people with sensitive skin should avoid it.

3. Benzoic acid – works only on selected bacteria, but it effectively destroys mould and yeast. It does not irritate the skin and mucous membranes.

4. Salicylic acid – as a preservative it is used in a concentration of 0.5%, although in higher concentrations it can be applied to acne and seborrhoeic skin for therapeutic purposes. Salicylic acid has a good bactericidal and anti-fungal action.

5. Essential oils (tea tree, lavender, rosemary, peppermint or clove) have antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties.

Are there any cosmetics without preservatives?

Perhaps yes. Unfortunately, their usefulness and self-life are short, and the safety of use is very low. Products without preservatives probably would not have passed laboratory tests and would not be released for sale. So do not believe it when you see the words “no preservatives” on the packaging.